Which of the following could be an example of transportation waste?

#5 According to the lean principles, transportation in itself is a non-value-added activity. Unless we are talking about delivery services that customers are willing to pay (Food delivery services, for instance). Whenever a product is moved, it is exposed to risks that incur costs: ✦ Damage. ✦ Delay. ✦ Loss. Transportation should be minimized and done when strictly necessary. It has to be thought around the customers' needs and how much value is added to them. Still, it has to take into account the product and service being provided and market changes around it as it varies from industry to industry. Consider these questions: ✦ Do you need to send printed files to other departments or office locations? ✦ Are parts frequently delivered? ✦ Do customers need service and products delivered at home? ✦ How efficient and necessary is transportation in your company?

Photo by pch.vector on Freepik Reference: Lean QuickStart Guide: The Simplified Beginner's Guide To Lean (QuickStart Guides™ - Business) by Benjamin Sweeney. ClydeBank Media LLC, 2015.